Throughout history we have observed the unequal treatment between men and women, a tireless struggle of the female gender to obtain not only material equality of their rights but also their effective application.

The position of subordination, marginality and risk in which they find themselves compared to men to this day is considerable, despite the years of struggle for parity.

“Violence against women is an offense against human dignity and a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between women and men”

It is estimated that each year around 66 thousand femicides are perpetrated in the world. In our country, according to data published by the Observatory of the Ministry of Women, during the first half of 2019 there were 19 cases of femicide, most of them women under 30 years of age and more than half of the victims leave orphaned minor children.

A greater and better application of public policies is necessary in order to prevent, punish and eradicate all types of violence against women.

To this end, fair and effective legal procedures must also be established so that women who have been subjected to violence obtain; protection, effective access to compensation and reintegration into society.

For Paraguayan women, the exercise of political rights does not constitute full equality, because this situation will only occur once we can implement parity by occupying public positions and exercising public functions under equal conditions.

Likewise, in the labor sphere, the current occupational structure is not yet egalitarian in relation to gender, since the rates of unemployment and/or employment in general are unequal between men and women.

Women, as a vulnerable group and susceptible to discrimination, tend to adapt to the deterioration of the conditions of the labor market to which they can access, accepting circumstances and situations that do not meet the minimum requirements to be part of the sphere of "decent work".

“There will be no full democracy or sustainable development without equal opportunities for men and women. The elimination of all types of violence against women is an essential condition for their individual, labor, economic and social development and their full and equal participation in all spheres of life.

We appreciate, but let's not stay with the Congratulations for the PARAGUAYAN WOMEN'S DAY, the reality is far from being a day of HAPPINESS for many of our compatriots!! Let us demand concrete changes and demonstrate with facts the value of women and their importance in Paraguayan society!!

Given the high temperatures recorded in recent months and which are felt more intensely during the summer, it is very important to observe the current relevant provisions in relation to work and exposure to heat.

In this regard, the main applicable regulations in work establishments of mandatory compliance for the employer and its workers derive from Decree No. 14,390/92, “General Technical Regulations for Safety, Hygiene and Medicine at Work” are as follows.

All workers shall be duly protected against direct and excessive heat radiation, and in no case should they exceed the maximum values allowed for heat exposure. To this end, the following work scale must be considered in advance:

• Light work: Performed sitting or standing while controlling machines, which implies light work with the hands and/or arms.
• Moderate work: Performed while standing in motion, in front of the machine or counter.
• Heavy work: Performed standing, intermittently, with body efforts, such as stretching, pushing or digging.
• Continuous work: Performed in an 8-hour day, with a break (or rest) for food and rest of 1 hour.

Important note: Rest shall be deemed as the times that the worker remains exposed to temperatures lower than those indicated in the reference table.

According to the assessment of the work, workers are prohibited from continuing their work when their internal body temperature exceeds 38°C (Degrees Celsius).

Supplies

Workers exposed to high temperatures shall be provided with drinking water in such a way that they are encouraged to drink frequently. The water must be cold and close to the workplace.

Unless medically prescribed and always observing health care, the rule states that on very hot days, workers must be encouraged to salt their food. If workers are not acclimatized, they must have water with a salt concentration of 0.1 percent (1 g of NaCl per 1 liter of water) at their disposal. The salt must be completely dissolved before distribution of the water, and the water must be kept reasonably cold.

Outfit

The heat tolerance limit values are valid if light summer clothing is worn. If special, warmer clothing is required to perform a task, heat tolerance will be reduced to lower limits. Workers exposed to high temperatures will acclimatize to their workplace and undergo periodic medical examinations.

In this sense, the employer must ensure that its workers wear appropriate clothing regarding the nature of the services they provide, as well as safety and exposure to high temperatures, in order to compensate for rest and acclimatization time to avoid health risks. They will also be subject to periodic medical examinations as set forth in MTESS Resolution No. 03/22; “Regulatory framework of the content and frequency of mandatory admission and periodic medical examinations of workers and other aspects related to occupational health and safety”.

Other provisions / Recommendations

• Whenever the work requires constant exposure to the sun, the use of appropriate hats or head coverings will be mandatory.
• Appropriate medical prevention measures must be adopted to avoid sunstroke of workers exposed to infrared radiation, providing them with drinks with salt and protecting the exposed parts of their body with heat-insulating creams.
• Exposure of pregnant women, people with underlying illnesses and minors, is prohibited in relation to outdoor work activities.
• Continuous hydration (2 to 3 liters per day or as needed)
• Ensure good air circulation within the work facilities.
• Promote care and recommendations regarding heat stroke and other situations that may arise considering high temperatures.
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It is necessary to remember that the Labor Code expressly establishes that the worker, in the provision of his professional services, will have the right to effective protection in terms of health, safety and hygiene at work. Thus, the employer must guarantee the hygiene, safety and health of workers in the performance of their work activity. For this purpose, the employer must take whatever measures are necessary, including information activities, risk prevention training and the constitution of the organization or means that are necessary.

Therefore, employers have the duty to observe due care and protection of their workers in relation to exposure to heat during days of high temperatures, in accordance with current provisions and thus avoiding situations that could harm the health of their employees.

If you have any questions or additional questions about the points discussed, please contact us the following emails:

• Maria del Pilar Callizo: pcallizo@grossbrown.com.py
• Sole Andrada: sandrada@grossbrown.com.py
• Oliver Parra: oparra@grossbrown.com.py
• Miguel Diaz: mdiaz@grossbrown.com.py

Gross Brown, leading firm in Banking & Finance, Corporate & Commercial, Dispute Resolution, Labor & Employment and IP, is pleased to announce its international expansion into Europe, with the opening of its office based in Madrid, Spain. The Madrid office will be led by Francisca Peroni, recently promoted to Partner of the Firm.

Effective January 1st, 2025, we will be present in Madrid, providing our clients with direct access to our excellent team and personalized legal services of the highest quality.

The opening of the Madrid office reflects Gross Brown's commitment to professional excellence, quality services, and global vision, aiming to provide all its clients with the best comprehensive legal advisory.

For further information, please contact us at the following email fperoni@grossbrown.com.py.